铁屑—粉煤灰处理含铬电镀废水的探讨

根据腐蚀电池原理，用铁屑－铁煤灰处理电镀含铬废水，结果表明，Cr(Ⅵ)去除率达到98％处理后出水水质良好，水质符合排放标准要求。     

Cr6+对人血红细胞膜的损伤及茶多酚对其保护作用的分子机理研究

采用TBA(thiobatbrturic acid)法和ESR自旅标记技术,测定了无机致癌物重铬酸钾(Cr~(6+))对红细胞膜的蛋白巯基和磷脂的作用,结果表明,Cr~(6+)引发红细胞膜产生脂质过氧化的同时,膜上蛋白巯基构象和磷脂的流动性发生改变.而茶多酚对Cr~(6+)引起红细胞膜上的这些变化均有明显抑制作用.     

有限单元算法在水质模拟中的应用研究

利用模拟河流水质的二维水质模型和有限单元算法,使用MATLAB软件进行计算程序的编写,开展该模型和有限单元算法在三峡库区水质模拟的适用性研究。有限单元法的基本思路是把一个连续的环境空间离散为若干个单元,每一个单元都可以是作为一个完全混合的子系统,通过对每一个单元建立质量平衡方程,从而建立起体系模型。模拟因子包括:BOD5、COD、NH3-N三项。由计算值与监测值进行比较后可知,与监测值误差最大的为NH3-N,可达23.8%;最小的为BOD5,误差为5.3%。由此可以说明,本课题的用于三峡水库水质预测的二维水质模型具有较高的精度,能够用来模拟预测三峡水库蓄水以后的水质变化状况。     

Microculture of fetal blood for prenatal cytogenetic studies from blood-stained amniotic fluid

An alternative method to the culture of amniotic fluid cells for prenatal diagnosis of chromosome disorders is proposed. Microculture of fetal blood can be used when fetal blood is drawn at amniocentesis through accidental puncture of the placenta. An easy discrimination of fetal red cells, a good response of fetal lymphocytes to PHA and the possibility of identification of the fetal karyotype from the maternal one are the technical bases of this method. This technique offers some undoubted advantages: a reduced need for repeating amniocentesis because of a lack of growth of AF cells due to massive contamination with red cells; a result may be obtained sooner. Thirty-seven cases out of 1092 amniocenteses were processed in this way (3·4 per cent). In two cases no mitoses were obtained but in the others the diagnosis was confirmed by the results of AF cell culture and/or by the outcome of pregnancy.     

氯化镉对不同鼠肝肿瘤细胞的毒性及对金属硫蛋白的诱导研究

本文比较了氯化镉对两种去分化和五种分化的鼠肝肿瘤细胞株的细胞毒性以及对金属硫蛋白的诱导能力。结果表明,经2μM氯化镉处理18h后,90—95％的细胞浆中镉同金属硫蛋白结合,而只有5—10％的镉同高分子量部分相连。在IIE细胞中镉与金属硫蛋白的结合取决于氯化镉的浓度与处理时间。当氯化镉浓度高达20μM时对去分化细胞的存活率未见有明显影响,但当浓度为3—10μM时则对分化细胞的存活率有显著影响。这种细胞毒性似与高分子量部分结合的镉的量有关,且氯化镉对这两种细胞的金属硫蛋白有不同的诱导能力。     

Maternal cell contamination in chorionic villus samples assessed by direct preparations and three different culture methods

Presumptive maternal cell contamination (MCC) was monitored in identified male cases during cytogenetic comparison of direct techniques and three different culture regimes from 140 thoroughly dissected chorionic villus samples. Of the 66 identified male cases, 11(16·7 per cent) showed MCC, the mean number of cells examined per case being 8·2 (direct) and 14·5 (cultures); in the direct preparations only one of a total of 457 cells examined was female, while preparations from cultures revealed MCC in 11 cases. Four of these had MCC in more than one culture regime and four had only a single female cell. The results showed that (1) dependence on the culture system alone would have given a diagnosis based on maternal cells in one (1·5 per cent) male case, thus underlining the danger of this approach (a similar undetected rate of misdiagnosis being expected in the female cases) and (2) MCC was significantly lower in cultures grown in Chang medium as compared with the other two regimes, McCoy's 5A + 15 per cent fetal calf serum and 1 per cent Ultroser G, and McCoy's 5A + 25 per cent fetal calf serum, the latter expressing the highest level of MCC.     

新型多孔高分子载体厌氧流化床启动实验研究

制备了两种不同孔径（ｄ＞０．５μｍ）分率的聚丙烯酸酯类多孔载体，与多孔颗粒活性炭（ＧＡＣ）在完全相同的启动条件下，作厌氧流化床固定化微生物对比实验．结果表明：新型高分子载体能有效促进厌氧菌固定化速度，可比ＧＡＣ缩短反应器启动时间１５ｄ左右；扫描电镜观察发现，多孔高分子生物颗粒球形度高，表面生物膜致密坚实，内孔微生物聚集丰富，而ＧＡＣ生物颗粒形状不规则，表面生物膜疏松呈鳞片状，内孔不易驻留微生物．另外，根据高分子载体内孔产甲烷丝菌的形态和分布特征，获取了当生物膜持续增厚后（δ＞１００μｍ），基质扩散阻力影响内孔微生物活性的证据．     

作物根系对干旱胁迫逆境的适应性研究进展

主要就作物根系的形态性状、根系提水作用、生理代谢、根系细胞壁蛋白及其生长性能与干旱胁迫间的关系作了综述;指出应加强对干旱逆境下根系发育及根系生长性状变化上的遗传机理研究。     

蒽醌染料废水处理技术

对蒽醌染料废水分别用混凝沉淀法,微电池法,Ｏ３法进行了预处理试验,用生物膜ＳＢＲ法和活性污泥ＳＢＲ法进行了生化处理试验。试验数据表明,废水经ＰＡＭ混凝沉淀－铁炭微电池预处理和生物膜ＳＢＲ处理后,可达标排放。     

固定化假单胞菌降解甲胺磷的研究

采用聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）加少量海藻酸钠及活性碳的方法对一株能高效降解甲胺磷的细菌假单胞菌Ｂ８２菌株进行固定化．正交试验结果表明,三者合适配比为聚乙烯醇１００（ρ／ｇＬ－１）,海藻酸钠５（ρ／ｇＬ－１）,活性碳５０（ρ／ｇＬ－１）．此方法制得的凝胶颗粒机械强度好、经久耐用．固定化Ｂ８２凝胶小球能在ｐＨ６～１１的范围内发挥其降解甲胺磷的作用,其最适作用温度为３５℃．Ｂ８２菌经固定化后,降解甲胺磷的速度明显加快．